Education Essay Example for Free

Training Essay As I consider the information I have accomplished in this Educational Psychology course, I feel sufficiently certain to state that I have taken in a huge measure of data that I accept will be helpful in my future study hall. Also, a portion of the data that we have secured as a class was data that I had recently learned while at the University of Guam. I significantly welcome the measure of information I have accomplished in this course, and I might want to concentrate my appearance on three primary themes: long haul memory; the psychological procedure of consideration, discernment, encoding, and recovery; and the four speculations of inspiration (behaviorist, subjective and social intellectual, sociocultural, and humanistic). These are only three of many learning encounters that I accept will assume a significant job in my future vocation. I chose to concentrate on long haul memory since this kind of memory assumes a significant job in every one of our brains. As indicated by Eggen and Kauchak (2010), long haul memory is the perpetual data store in the model of human memory. What a youngster realizes at a youthful age will in all likelihood be kept in their drawn out memory until further notification. I would say while in this ED 300 class, a few of the themes that we have talked about has raised data from my drawn out memory; along these lines I had the option to additionally appreciate such points. I had the option to recover explicit data dependent on what I had realized beforehand. Having the option to recover data gives me a â€Å"aha!† second in which I felt positive about responding to questions and further examining such themes with my companions. Recovering data is only one of four stages in the intellectual procedure. All through the semester I have attempted to concentrate on the four stages of the psychological procedure (consideration, discernment, encoding, and recovery) with my examinations. As an understudy, I have had my days where it was difficult for me to try and focus on the class address. Be that as it may, subsequent to setting aside the effort to think about what I have realized in this course, we practice the four stages of the subjective procedure every day. The talk is perfect to the initial step of consideration; observation is understanding the data; encoding is like retaining the data; and recovery is good to the reflections we each offer toward the finish of the class. At long last, what I accept to be the most significant point that I have gained from this course are the various kinds of speculations of inspiration. As a person there is more than one kind of impact that propel us to act the manner in which we do. From this Educational Psychology course, I have found out about the various speculations of inspiration, every one of its implications, and relating it to my own life. In the wake of finding out about the various speculations of inspiration, I considered my practices and where these practices started from. Moreover, I considered the measure of inspiration that it has given me. For instance, as a Chamorro it is an old custom that ladies are to deal with the family unit. Nonetheless, I was inspired by my mom to concentrate hard and to make my fantasies work out; and I accept that some outside impact had propelled her to break this old Chamorro custom. All in all, I accept that I have taken in an enormous measure of data all through this semester. I have set aside the effort to think about the measure of information we have partaken in the study hall. I have considered the assessments of others; and I have thought about the various sorts of inspirations that have impacted me in my twenty-one years of life. I want to one day have the option to recover the data that I have learned in this course and apply such information and hypotheses in my future study hall.

Canadian Culture in the Classroom Essay Example for Free

Canadian Culture in the Classroom Essay There is a genuine absence of thankfulness for Canadian writing across Ontario. In grade 12 homerooms over the region there is a wide assortment of material contemplated, next to no of it being of Canadian drop. While great essayists exist in all societies, Ontario understudies ought to mostly examine Canadian writers as there should be center around Canadian culture, to likewise advance and build up current writers, and to empower youthful Canadian journalists. Southern neighbors have just overwhelmed Canada with their different lifestyles. There is no purpose behind American culture to spill into the homeroom. Canadian culture has never gotten the opportunity to bloom, even with the expected had, in view of the celebrated and rich culture that has gone before it. Continuously under the thumb of outside culture, Canadian creators were consistently a bit of hindsight. For quite a long time, an understudy in Ontario would examine Shakespeare and other British authors, and today, even American journalists, for example, Fitzgerald. Every one of them, almost certainly composing quality writing, yet the comprehensive view is being missed. Numerous schools limit a student’s introduction to a Canadian epic to ISP understanding records. In this sense, Canada is an upper room where we have put away American and British writing without considering our own (Davies, Letters in Canada 426). No big surprise a Canadian understudy has issues acknowledging there culture. It appears just as that any Canadian writing examined is obsolete in the first place. This incorporates works, for example, Mordecai’s Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz or Lawrence’s, Stone Angel. Fifth Business, which was distributed in 1970 more than 40 years prior is still on numerous courses of study in Gr. 12 study halls. Atwood’s Handmade Tale, the latest of these books was distributed in 1985; more than a quarter century back. Once more, while most instructors permit and may even urge an understudy to concentrate on increasingly current Canadian books for their ISP, the study hall experience is quite often restricted to examining these blasts from the past. All together for Canadian writing to turn into a staple in the Ontario study hall, there should be an implantation of current Canadian books. At that point there is the issue of these obsolete creators not mirroring our cutting edge multicultural society. There should be an assortment of races spoke to in writing since, it is these very individuals which make Canada so differing. As Robertson Davies stated†¦ â€Å"Canada won't have a national writing in the method of those European terrains where a long history has bound the individuals together, and where a homogeneous racial legacy has given them a language, customs, and even a national dress of their own† (Transactions 35). We have to take a gander at crafted by Canadian creators who have come here from various foundations as to motivate youthful creators all things considered. There is no uncertainty a splendid brain out there, who could transform into a Canadian symbol, however just has no enthusiasm for Hamlet or Life of Pi. As Canadians, we are lost in an ocean of global impacts; we barely know what our identity is. No big surprise that Margaret Atwood can remark that Canadians have issues with setting up their personality. In examining Canadian authors, she contends a Canadian perspective doesn't generally exist†¦ â€Å"Im discussing Canada as a perspective, as the space you occupy with your body as well as with your head. Its that sort of room wherein we end up lost (Margaret 18). All together for this incredible country to keep on creating youthful journalists, to build up the current writers, and to increase Canadian writing the regard it merits, the concentration in the Canadian homeroom should be on Canadian essayists. While some may feel that understudies will be kept from considering the best writing out there, adopting this strategy will permit Canadian understudies to see the estimation of our writers, particularly with the numerous capable Canadian writers. In spite of the fact that there is no compelling reason to totally remove staples, for example, Shakespeare, from an educational plan, Canadian culture should be need number one. Works Cited Atwood, Margaret. Endurance: A Thematic Guide to Canadian Literature. Toronto: McLelland and Stewart, 1972. Print. Davies, Robertson. Letters in Canada. Toronto: Macmillan Press, 1979. Print. Davies, Robertson. Exchanges of the Royal Society of Canada. IV. XIII. Ottawa: Royal Society of Canada, 1975. Print.

Congenital Heart Disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Inherent Heart Disease - Essay Example These are: inherent coronary illness in the babys mother or father; inborn coronary illness in the babys sibling or sister; diabetes in the mother; German measles, toxoplasmosis (a contamination that is gone through contact with feline defecation), or HIV disease in the mother; the moms utilization of liquor during pregnancy; the moms utilization of cocaine or different medications during pregnancy; and the moms utilization of sure over-the-counter and physician endorsed drugs during pregnancy. It ought to be noted however, that the nearness of any at least one of these components won't totally result to the malady. In like manner, the nonattendance of these components doesn't guarantee a pregnant lady that her infant will be sheltered from any innate heart issue, which may be a significant point to look at when as a lady is pregnant. All wellbeing measures ought to be watched all through the pregnancy as there is no single recognizable factor in contracting hazardous ailments, for e xample, this. This likewise drives us to the significance of having an exhaustive information regarding the matter, for one can never be excessively certain in the event that one of the individuals from the family will experience the ill effects of such infection. Information on the infection may very well be the most ideal approach to the circumstance when avoidance isn't so conceivable. The heart is a solid organ about the size of the clench hand. It has different sides, isolated by a divider like structure called a septum. The correct side of the heart siphons blood to the lungs where it is oxygenated. The oxygenated blood at that point goes from the lungs to one side of the heart, and is siphoned out to the remainder of the body. The heart is comprised of four chambers: the privilege and left ventricles and the left and right atria. The atria, which are situated at the upper segment of the heart, get the blood coming into the heart, while the ventricles which are situated at the lower some portion of the heart, siphon blood out of the heart and into the lungs and different pieces of the

Brown v. Board of Education Decision Essay examples -- Civil Rights Mo

The Broken Promise Narratives, similar to antiquated vestiges, are the fictions of realms. While everything overlooked turns in dim dreams of the past, ever threatening to return...†, a statement from the film Velvet Goldmine, communicates the considerations that numerous supporters of mix may have felt in light of the fact that nobody really knew the impacts that one significant decision could make. The Brown v. Leading body of Education choice was a significant watershed during the Civil Rights Movement. Be that as it may, as most dynamic choices, it didn't make a compelling arrangement in light of the fact that no time limit was ever given. James Baldwin understood that this significant oversight would prompt a â€Å"broken promise.† Prior to the choice of Brown v. Leading group of Education, numerous individuals acknowledged school isolation and, in the vast majority of the southern states, required isolation. Schools during this time should maintain the â€Å"separate however equal† standard set during the 1896 instance of Plessy v. Ferguson; notwithstanding, most, if not all, of the â€Å"black† schools were not similar to the â€Å"white† schools. The assets the â€Å"white† schools had accessible unquestionably surpass the assets given to â€Å"black† schools in amount, yet additionally in quality. Earthy colored v. Leading group of Education was not the primary case that ambushed the state funded school isolation in the south. The title of the case was abbreviated from Oliver Brown ET. Al. v. the Board of Education of Topeka Kansas. The authority titled included reference to the next twelve cases that were begun in the mid 1950’s that originated from South Carolina, Virginia, Delaware and the District of Columbia. The case conveyed Oliver Brown’s name since he was the main male parent battling for incorporation. The instance of Brown v. Board o... ...le knowing their character, with the goal that they don't need to confront the decisions of others. Man is least himself when he talks in his own individual! Give him a cover and he'll come clean with you! (Velvet Goldmine). Works Cited Baldwin, James. â€Å"Down at the Cross.† 1955. James Baldwin: Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York: Library of America, 1998. 63-84. Ewing, James. â€Å"Desegregation: Progress Report.† New York Times 26 Sep. 1954. â€Å"Integration Gain is Noted in South.† New York Times 7 Jul. 1957. Irons, Peter. Jim Crow’s Children: The Broken Promise of the Brown Decision. New York: Viking Penguin, 2002. â€Å"Text of Supreme Court Decision Outlawing Negro Segregation in the Public Schools.† New York Times 18 May 1854. Velvet Goldmine. Dir. Todd Hayes. Perf. Jonathan Rhys Meyers, Ewan McGregor, Christian Bale, Toni Collette. Miramax, 1998. Earthy colored v. Leading group of Education Decision Essay models - Civil Rights Mo The Broken Promise Accounts, similar to antiquated remains, are the fictions of realms. While everything overlooked delivers dull dreams of the past, ever threatening to return...†, a statement from the film Velvet Goldmine, communicates the considerations that numerous supporters of joining may have felt in light of the fact that nobody really knew the impacts that one significant decision could make. The Brown v. Leading body of Education choice was a significant watershed during the Civil Rights Movement. In any case, as most dynamic choices, it didn't make a powerful arrangement on the grounds that no time limit was ever given. James Baldwin understood that this significant oversight would prompt a â€Å"broken promise.† Prior to the choice of Brown v. Leading group of Education, numerous individuals acknowledged school isolation and, in the vast majority of the southern states, required isolation. Schools during this time should maintain the â€Å"separate yet equal† standard set during the 1896 instance of Plessy v. Ferguson; in any case, most, if not all, of the â€Å"black† schools were not practically identical to the â€Å"white† schools. The assets the â€Å"white† schools had accessible certainly surpass the assets given to â€Å"black† schools in amount, yet in addition in quality. Earthy colored v. Leading group of Education was not the principal case that ambushed the state funded school isolation in the south. The title of the case was abbreviated from Oliver Brown ET. Al. v. the Board of Education of Topeka Kansas. The authority titled included reference to the next twelve cases that were begun in the mid 1950’s that originated from South Carolin a, Virginia, Delaware and the District of Columbia. The case conveyed Oliver Brown’s name since he was the main male parent battling for combination. The instance of Brown v. Board o... ...le knowing their personality, so they don't need to confront the decisions of others. Man is least himself when he talks in his own individual! Give him a cover and he'll come clean with you! (Velvet Goldmine). Works Cited Baldwin, James. â€Å"Down at the Cross.† 1955. James Baldwin: Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York: Library of America, 1998. 63-84. Ewing, James. â€Å"Desegregation: Progress Report.† New York Times 26 Sep. 1954. â€Å"Integration Gain is Noted in South.† New York Times 7 Jul. 1957. Irons, Peter. Jim Crow’s Children: The Broken Promise of the Brown Decision. New York: Viking Penguin, 2002. â€Å"Text of Supreme Court Decision Outlawing Negro Segregation in the Public Schools.† New York Times 18 May 1854. Velvet Goldmine. Dir. Todd Hayes. Perf. Jonathan Rhys Meyers, Ewan McGregor, Christian Bale, Toni Collette. Miramax, 1998.

Compare and Contrast between Ethics and Law Essay

Investigate among Ethics and Law - Essay Example The essential reason for the two morals, just as the Law, is to direct the conduct of the person in the general public. Both look to control misinformed human feelings from making hurt the general public and himself. Morals has commonly been considered as the â€Å"law of nature† or the â€Å"law of God†. From the earliest starting point of human progress, man has consistently come to understand the division of good and bad which is exhibited by the widespread string of ethical quality that goes through the worlds’ various societies. Law in the current age has come to be amazingly broadened. There is currently a corporate attorney to administer the connections of business associations, a common law to handle general undertakings, worldwide law to manage the issues of sovereign states and licensed innovation law to manage information and information scattering. Correspondingly, there has come to be a Business morals, biomedical morals, corporate morals, etc. Every lawful framework are gotten from moral frameworks of one kind or the other. Similarly as there are discords in the translations of the law, there are additionally various types of morals. Gratification, Cyrenaic Hedonism, Epicureanism, emotionlessness, utilitarian morals, authenticity and so on have broadened their effect on noteworthy subsections of the scholarly globe. This clear nonappearance of solidarity doesn't invalidate the substance of either law or morals. It has been remarked upon by different creators, that a definitive translation of any law or rule lays on the directing appointed authority. In making his individual decision, the appointed authority depends to an enormous degree on his moral feelings. In the celebrated Roe Vs Wade preliminary relating to the lawfulness of premature birth, fiveâ judges decided in favor while three contradicted. These appointed authorities no uncertainty realized that there were no legitimate grounds to deny a premature birth in the particular preliminary yet they thought of it as a break of profound quality to d eny the privilege to life of a potential individual.

Blog Archive MBA News Entrepreneur MBAs Discuss the Value of Student Networks

Blog Archive MBA News Entrepreneur MBAs Discuss the Value of Student Networks Most aspiring MBAs already understand the value of a wide alumni network, but those who hope to establish a new venture before graduating (or soon after) should also be aware of the importance and power of one’s MBA student community while still in the program. London Business School (LBS) alumnus Nitzan Yudan, who contributed to mbaMission’s “What I Learned At…” series in 2014, recently told the Financial Times how he benefitted from the input and assistance of his fellow LBS students while developing his company, FlatClub. The premise of FlatClub is to assist individuals in providing and/or finding accommodations for medium-term stays in cities like New York and London while remaining within a specific alumni circle. While at LBS, Yudan launched the company among fellow studentsâ€"and saw the listed apartments expand from the initial five to 70 in two weeks. Today, approximately 10% of LBS’s alumni and students use FlatClub. “The hardest challenge of an entrepreneur i s doing the first sales,” Yudan told the Financial Times. “LBS provided me with these.” Vikas Narula, a graduate of the Global Executive MBA program at Duke University’s Fuqua School of Business, had a similar experience when establishing his venture Keyhubs, a management software and consulting company. He received seed funding with the help of a classmate and reached out to his entire class via email for support and feedbackâ€"decisions that helped him successfully launch the company. Indeed, Narula explained to the Financial Times that one of his tips for MBA students and candidates is to reach out, as he did: “I wanted to be sure that they [fellow classmates] were aware of my work, as they could become customers or might know people in their network who would make good customers.” Share ThisTweet News

Lightweight Concrete Decorative Tiles - Free Essay Example

1.2 Aim To produce the lightweight concrete decorative tiles by using waste materials with different attractive colour and pattern. 1.3 Objectives To achieve the properties of lightweight concrete decorative tiles. To assess the purpose and advantages of lightweight concrete decorative tiles. Design mix of the decorative tiles by different ratio with waste materials. 1.4 Problem statement Lightweight concrete decorative tiles are very common use nowadays. But using waste materials to produce lightweight concrete decorative tiles are still very fresh in our country. 1.5 Scope of study The scope of study for this dissertation is concerned on the lightweight concrete decorative tiles. The purpose for this dissertation is to produce decorative tiles with waste materials . 1.6 Background information Nowadays, building materials become more and more important in construction industry. Concrete has become the most important material for large buildings because it is durable, fire resistant, relatively cheap, and an entire structure can be cast monolithically. Lightweight concrete may be structural concrete that weights slightly less than normal concrete and thus reduces the weight of a structure, or it may be much lighter and used mainly for insulation and sound absorption. It is lighter than the conventional concrete. The use of lightweight concrete blocks has been widely spread across countries. Its advantages are that there is a reduction of dead load, faster building rates in construction and lower haulage and handling costs. Decorative tiles have been with us from the earliest days of human civilization with some of the earliest examples of decorative wall tiles coming from 4000 years ago. Traces of this rich history can be found in the contemporary decorative tiles we find nowadays. Many techniques were used to create pictures, figures and patterns on pieces of tile. These techniques include glazed clay, encaustic or inlaid clay, mosaic stone, mosaic clay tiles, hand painted tiles, carved and formed tiles, sgraffito (scratched tiles), metallic overlays and transfer printing. These same methods are all used to make decorative tiles today. These are very similar to the pieces made by ancient tilemakers. In fact art tiles as theyre known in the industry, have become the fastest growing trend in tile design and are as coveted my 21st century designers and customers as they were prized by our ancestors. 1.7 Methodology Stage 1 : Literature review This study will review the relevant literature on the lightweight concrete brick and also clay brick. In order to achieve the entire objective, a systematic literature review shall be conducted which will cover reference book in library, institutional and statutory publication, periodicals and trade/academic journals and so on. A research of the relevant information including an internet searching conduct in order to find out the properties of lightweight concrete brick and clay brick. The entire information search from Internet will keep us informed of the future and presence data. Stage 2 : Pilot study Date collection will take the form of a structured postal questionnaire. However, an initial pilot study will be conducted to test the validity of the questionnaire through in depth test at laboratory. Stage 3 : Testing at laboratory The feedback from pilot study should assist in laboratory experiment . Testing the material that related to my research. Stage 4 : Analysing the experiment result The analysis of the experiment result will take two forms. First is do a comparison with table form. Second is do a result proposal then just do a table and list out the differences between two materials. Stage 5 : Writing the research report This stage involved writing up the content of the dissertation and should cover the chapters proposed in the following section. 1.8 Proposed structure of the dissertation Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Literature review Chapter 3 Research design and methodology Chapter 4 Analysis of the results and discussion Chapter 5 Conclusion and further study evidence CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 What is Lightweight Concrete Decorative Tiles ? 2.1.1 Definition of Lightweight Concrete Jeffrey Girard (2006) states that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"lightweight concrete mixes are commonly used in the construction industry where weight savings is an important factor. One of the most common uses for lightweight concrete is with floor, roof or bridge decks; others include pavement systems, masonry blocks and offshore oil structures. Lightweight concrete is made by replacing some or all of the normal weight aggregate with lightweight aggregate. Often the coarse fraction is replaced with lightweight aggregate and the fines are normal weight sand. Mat Lazim Zakaria (1978) states that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"lightweight concrete can be defined as a type of concrete which includes an expanding agent in that it increases the volume of the mixture while giving additional qualities such as nailibility and lessened the dead weight. Mohd Roji Samidi (1997) written that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"lightweight concrete is lighter than the conventional concrete with a dry density of 300 kg/m3 up to 1840 kg/m3; 87 to 23% lighter. It was first introduced by the Romans in the second century where à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Pantheon has been constructed using pumice, the most common type of aggregate used in that particular year. Lightweight are commonly use when weight saving is the important factor such as using in floor, wall, bridge decks or roof. Usually it is made by replacing lightweight aggregate rather than normal weight aggregate to produce lighter in weight and the sand will be remain the same. It also can be made by adding some admixture or expanding agent to increase the volume of the mixture. It will lessen the weight of the concrete. Lightweight concrete can be made to lighter than the conventional concrete up to 23 to 87% still the most common type of lightweight concrete will be replacing the normal aggregate by lightweight aggregate. 2.1.2 History of Decorative Tiles  · Decorative tile has been around since the beginning of recorded history. In fact, some of the earliest records were created on tile that was carved, fired and then preserved in the libraries of kings. Even the glazing of tile has long been practiced, seen in archaeological finds such as the Ishtar Gate of Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar II (dating to around 575 BC). Tiles were used in mosaics throughout Greece and Italy, often depicting intricate scenes of religious and cultural value. Roman baths were often decorated in tile mosaics, some of which still survive. Early use of decorative tiles was a privilege that was restricted to the upper class and the clergy. The use of ceramic tile became more widespread in Europe during the Middle Ages. Italy was a major producer of such tile, and still is today. Tiles used in cathedrals throughout Europe can still be seen today, a testament to their durability. 2.2 Waste Materials Papercrete Papercrete is a building material comprised of a mixture of Portland cement and recycled paper fiber (a light-weight, insulating concrete) . The maximum insulating value is obtained when the dry matrix includes the greatest density of air pockets. High strength is obtained when the paper fiber is thoroughly coated by the portland cement. Papercrete is mixed with Portland cement to obtain an excellent sound absorption quality, to be flame/fungus retardant, and bug/rodent resistant. Since it is relatively light , it is potentially an ideal material for earthquake-prone areas. It can be used in many ways as blocks, panels, poured in place, used like igloo blocks to make a self-standing dome or applied over a framework to make a roof or dome. 2.3 Properties of Lightweight Concrete Decorative Tiles 2.3.1 Compressive Strength For compressive strength, the performance of lightweight concrete is controlled on lightweight aggregates. Two factors enter into the strength of lightweight concrete are the strength of the aggregates and the strength of the hardened cement-water paste. Among the various types of lightweight aggregate, there are large differences in strength and toughness, and all but the strongest lightweight aggregates are likely to be weaker than hardened cement-water pastes within the usual range of cement contents. (American Society for Testing and Materials,1956 pp.241) As the general rule, the strength of a lightweight concrete will be less than that of a concrete of equal cement content but containing aggregates of normal weight. Also, with a given cement content, the lower the strength of the lightweight aggregates the lower will be the strength of the lightweight concrete. (American Society for Testing and Materials,1956 pp.241) In the truth, lightweight aggregate concrete does not have good compressive strength as the density is low. The strongest of the lightweight aggregate concrete is still weaker than the cement paste. The lower the strength of lightweight aggregate, the lower the strength of lightweight concrete. The benefit for lightweight concrete is light in weight, good in insulation and fire resistance. 2.3.2 Sound Insulation and Absorption Lightweight concrete is a perfect impact and air-borne sound absorbing concrete and thus is highly suitable for partition walls and floor screeds or foundations. The air-borne or air contain in the lightweight concrete has better sound absorption. When there is better sound absorption, the better for the sound insulation. It is suitable to use for partition walls and floors which require better sound insulation. 2.3.3 Fire Resistance Lightweight concrete has a better fire resistance than concrete consisting of normal aggregates, because of its lower heat conductivity, and its lower rate of strength loss with rise in temperature . Lightweight concrete has better fire resistance than conventional concrete because it has lower heat conductivity. When the temperature of the lightweight concrete rise, it does not expand quickly like conventional concrete as the density of lightweight concrete is lower. As a result, the lower rate of strength loss will be for the lightweight concrete. It is to prevent the fire spread faster to cause more injuries or losses. If the fire spread one room to another room, the victims in a fire may not able to escape. It is why the covering elements should be better fire resistance. 2.4 Purpose of Decorative Tiles Decorative tiles can be used in a variety of places around the home and in many different ways. While most people think of floor tiling, there are many other places that can be given a fresh look with tiles. They can also be used on kitchen counters, walls and in bathrooms.   Tiles can be great to put on walls behind kitchen and bathroom sinks or around bathtubs as backsplashes. Using tiles as borders around rooms is an effective way of creating a new look. Replacing an old floor with new tiles can create a floor that is easy to care for and doubles as a piece of  art. Decorative tiles can also be used on an individual basis. Tiles that are decorated with a single scene or picture can double as wall art. A few plain tiles and decorating them by hand is a great way to create one-of-a-kind art, specially tailored to an individual room. 2.5 Advantages and Disadvantages of Lightweight Concrete Table below shows the advantages and disadvantages of using lightweight concrete as structure . Advantages Disadvantages rapid and relatively simple construction Economical in terms of transportation as well as reduction in manpower Significant reduction of overall weight results in saving structural frames, footing or piles Most of lightweight concrete have better nailing and sawing properties than heavier and stronger conventional concrete Very sensitive with water content in the mixtures Difficult to place and finish because of the porosity and angularity of the aggregate. In some mixes the cement mortar may separate the aggregate and float towards the surface Mixing time is longer than conventional concrete to assure proper mixing Table 2 : Advantages and Disadvantages of Lightweight Concrete Source : (Mohd Roji Samidi,1997) 2.6 Benefit of Using Lightweight Concrete Decorative Tile Replacing old wallpaper and flooring with decorative tiles can create a whole new look for a room, without dipping too far into the budget. While it is not uncommon to do a whole floor or wall in tile, they can also be used as accent pieces and borders. Decorative tiles are durable and easy to clean. Weathering tiles, specifically made for outdoor use, can be not only extremely resistant to the elements, but a good source of insulation as well. 2.6.1 Weight Reduction Reduced dead load of wet concrete allows longer span to be poured unpropped. This save both labour and circle time for each floor. Reduces the dead weight of a structure from 1/3 to  ½ the weight of normal concrete. 2.6.2 Thermal insulation A less obvious but nonetheless important characteristics of lightweight concrete is its relatively low thermal conductivity, a property which improves with decreasing density in recent years, with the increasing cost and scarcity of energy sources, more attention has been given the formerly to the need for reducing fuel consumption while maintaining, and indeed improving, comfort conditions buildings. The point is illustrated by fact that a 125mm thick solid wall of aerated concrete will give thermal insulation about four times greater than that of a 230mm clay brick wall. 2.6.3 Fire Resistance A 13 to 15 cm (5-6 inch) thick wall made of 1,100 kg/m3 density lightweight concrete has a fire endurance of 5-7 hours. The same degree of endurance is achievable with a 400 kg/m3 density lightweight concrete that is only l0 cm thick. Lightweight concrete is non-combustible, and the air embedded in lightweight concrete attributes to the high fire-rating. 2.6.4 Sound Insulation Lightweight concrete is a perfect impact and air-borne sound absorbing concrete and thus is highly suitable for partition walls and floor screeds or foundations. 2.6.5 Savings in Material A reduction in dead weight contributes substantially to savings in reinforcement steel in foundations. Therefore, the overall quantity of steel reinforcement in lightweight concrete can be reduced by as much as 10%. Savings are also substantial in transportation, crane- and man-handling related activities as well as in raw materials, as no gravel is required to produce lightweight concrete, only the sand and cement mortar/paste subsequently embedded in the foam (air). Casting very slender walls can optimize the amount of concrete used, which also results in using a very thin layer of plaster. For certain applications, no plaster is required, and gypsum putty is directly applied before painting. Walls as thin as 50 mm can also be cast. The high flow ability of lightweight concrete makes vibration unnecessary, and thus requires vibrating equipment/accessories. 2.6.6 Savings in Manpower and Cost Only a few semi-skilled workers are needed to produce lightweight concrete for the casting or pouring of panels, blocks, or even complete walls for houses. In producing lightweight concrete, steelworks, formworks, brick laying and cement renderings do not constitute major site activities, and therefore the related workers are not required. Workers are only needed to set up cost saving and reusable formworks, and then to remove them for the next erection or casting. Reduction of dead load, faster building rates and lower haulage and handling costs. The eight of the building in term of the loads transmitted by the foundations is an important factor in design, particular for the case of tall buildings. The use of lightweight concrete has sometimes made it possible to proceed with the design which otherwise would have been abandoned because of excessive weight. In frame structures, considerable savings in cost can be brought about by using lightweight concrete for the construction floors, partition and external cladding. Most  building materials  such as clay bricks the haulage load is limited not by volume but by weight. With suitable design containers much larger volumes of lightweight concrete can haul economically. Worker can work faster and better, there should be a reduction in labour cost. This can account for up to 80% of the finished cost. Therefore, handling costs may be lower as well. 2.6.7 Life span of Lightweight Concrete Lightweight concrete has a life-time span (minimum 100 years). Previous investigation has shown that sectioned blocks of cellular concrete cast 10 years ago indicated only 75 percent of the hydrated Cement. It is expected that the strength would continue to increase with continuing hydration. The use of lightweight concrete in many cases has eliminated the use of products like clay bricks, conventional concrete blocks and other insulation materials. 2.7 Design Mix of The Decorative Tiles 2.7.1 Papercrete Formulas à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Papercrete (Anon., 2010) provided that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"But a typical starting formula for a 200-gallon batch is 160 gallons (727 liters) of water, 60 pounds (27 kilograms) of paper, 1 bag or 94 pounds (43 kilograms) of Portland cement and 15 shovelfuls or 65 pounds (29 kilograms) of sand. The sand adds thermal mass, reduces flammability and shrinkage, and packs down the slurry for a denser, stronger block. This is a mixing formula for a 200 gallon batch papercrete. It needed 727 liters of water, 27 kilograms of paper, 43 kilograms of cement and 29 kilograms of sand. The purpose of the sand is to reduce flammability and shrinkage of the papercrete. It also packs down the slurry denser and stronger. 2.7.2 Proportion of Design mix In this project I will produce few samples of design mix for papercrete such as lime, cement and paper sludge mix or cement and paper sludge mix or lime and paper sludge mix. These are to find out which design mix is the most suitable to produce a lightweight concrete decorative tiles. The design mix should able to last longer with its properties.